General Welfare Essay - 1677 Words

Final Thoughts When I first started to write about general welfare, I at first thought it might be a two, three maybe four part article, but it eventually morphed into TEN and now eleven parts, and I still did not cover all that I wanted to. I was however was able to cover the various arguments and circumstances surrounding the term â€Å"general welfare† in many respects. Throughout the discussion we have covered some of its first origins and uses, how it came to be part of the Constitution, and the debates about it after the Convention finished, and leading up to when the Supreme Court started to hear arguments over it [which is another entire discussion in itself]. The focus here has not been what Supreme Court has thought of the term in†¦show more content†¦No less than Seven of the Thirteen Colonial States, proposed amendments to the Constitution with the direct purpose of restraining this power, and this eventually became the 10th Amendment to prevent it from becoming a broad general power. General welfare was never intended to grant Congress to make laws as it felt for the general welfare, at most it granted the power to tax for the general welfare. As James Madison reports that during the Convention the use of the term was a direct copy of that use from the Articles of Confederation, as stated in his letter to Edmund Pendleton. James Madison should certainly know if this was the case or not, since during the Convention James Madison with out question kept the most detailed notes, other Delegates made it a habit to provide Madison with written copies of speeches or plans to have placed in his record, and most importantly was a member of the Committee of Detail that drew up the final drafts of the Constitution in which general welfare was inserted in this clause. This is also further supported by the lack of debate on the use of general welfare at all in any notes from the Convention. With general welfare being a copy of the Articles of Confederation due to it already being understood to what it implied and meant in the United States, it would imply its power would also be the same as theShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Government For The General Welfare Of Citizens1213 Words   |  5 PagesThe role of government is to promote the general welfare of citizens. 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Comply with all workplace health, safety and welfare legislation requirements. 1.1 Comply with information from workplaceRead MoreFinancial Institutions And Its Impact On Economic Growth And General Welfare1714 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial institutions have shaped it and improved its efficiency, thereby making both the users and providers of funds better off. The process through which savings are allocated into productive investments is crucial for economic growth and general welfare. Investment banks are involved in this process, but what specific roles are attributed to them with respect to financial intermediation, and how well do they serve their functions? Financial intermediaries are entities that move funds from partiesRead MoreDrug Testing For The United States Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pages The state spent $493,000 on drug testing for this fiscal year. It received 32,511 welfare applications and referred 636 for drug testing. Only twenty came back positive, although nearly two hundred people refused to comply. But even if all 200 were drug users, that still comes to more than $2,200 per positive result, which is more expensive than the median benefit in the state. (Benen 1) Many people do not think it is worth the money to stop just a mere few individuals. Even though two hundred wereRead MoreEffects Of Australias Welfare System807 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia’s Welfare System and Its Hidden Risks Jiayi Liu Generous welfare system has always been a main characteristic of Australia, which has been attracted a large number of overseas immigrants in recent years. The government provides citizens with a series of cradle-to-grave social benefits, for instance, education allowance, free health care program, a variety of relief fund. However, the long-time welfare packages also have brought a few social problems to Australia such as welfare dependencyRead MoreThe Temporary Assistance For Needy Families1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe final purpose is to â€Å"encourage the formation and maintenance of two-parent families†. The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program allows the States flexibility in identifying criteria for the populations served. However, there are a few general and federally imposed restrictions that are as follows. States must use TANF funds to aid needy families that have children; though there are initiatives in place to allow aid to those who do not have chil dren in an attempt to reduce the number childrenRead MoreSocial Welfare Policies During The Transition Countries Of Central Asia732 Words   |  3 Pagesstudy of social welfare policies in transition countries of central Asia. I am concerned with the status of vulnerable groups of population-particularly, the aged, women, children, the disabled, and the poor. In most transition countries, the political and economic collapse of 90s had the devastating effects on the certain groups of population. The sharp decline in size of the government has greatly affected and in some sense triggered the transformation of the scope of social welfare policies. MostRead MoreWelfare Recipients Abusing the System1063 Words   |  4 PagesThe welfare faults America spends an annual amount of 131.9 billion dollars on welfare alone (Department of Commerce). So many facts about welfare are overwhelming, such that over 12,800,000 Americans are on the welfare system. The entire social welfare system is in desperate need of a complete reform. In order for a proper reform to ensue, the people of America must combine efforts with the U.S. government to revitalize the current welfare system. This reform would involve answering two importantRead MoreEssay about Drug Testing Welfare Recipients1518 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Testing Welfare Recipients: Unconstitutional â€Å"A closed mouth doesn’t get fed† is a saying that many people have heard throughout life. This saying was brought about to encourage people to ask for help if needed. But what happens when the open mouth asked to be fed, and instead of receiving help they are forced to be demeaned by going through a rigorous process that assumes that all applicants fall in to the category of drug addicts? Guilty until proven innocent is the message conveyed to personsRead MoreWelfare During The Great Depression860 Words   |  4 Pagesto feed. Three words apply for welfare, but did that mean she was lazy did drugs jobless and used government funds for her own selfish reason. You decide? I will start off by letting you know the information behind welfare. Then I will go into the opposition on why people might think it is necessary for applicants to be drug tested, and I will end with my stance on the topic. Welfare began in the 1930s during the great depression. The government created the welfare program to give to the large numbers

Divorce Is A Common Way Of Life - 1181 Words

In the Western cultures, marriages and divorce are common encounter. Approximately, 90 percent of people are usually married by the time they reach the age of 50. Having a healthy marriage is excellent for couples’ mental as well as their physically health. Most importantly, it is also good for children. With children growing up in a home that is happy, it protects them from mental, physical, educational as well as social problems. However, approximately 40 to 50 percent of couples who are married get divorce in the United States of America. Furthermore, it is believe that subsequent marriages rate are higher (APA, 2016). Furthermore, in 1958, there were 2.1 divorces for each 1,000 population. There was also a rapid increase in the number†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, children are sensitive to their parents getting divorce. Usually the way how they reacts are expressed in different ways that are consistent with their developmental stages (Lee Bax, 2000). Children of divorced parents have more cases of injury, asthma, headaches and speech defects than children whose parents have remained married (Children-and-Divorce.com, 2013). Studies also revealed that in 1980 - 1981 children that are in repeated divorces usually got lower results at school. Furthermore, other children that are of the same age group rated them as less pleasant to be around. Adolescents of divorce are around three times more like ly which is, 35% instead of 13% to need psychological help within a given year. It is also discovered that children from divorced homes usually have more psychological problems, than children from which one of their parents has died. Furthermore, these children usually seem to be lonely, unhappy, anxious and insecure (Children-and-Divorce.com, 2013). Nevertheless, children who undergo divorces usually have behavioral problems, such as delinquency, aggression, and disobedience (Shaw Ingoldsby, n.d.). In addition, they usually show a decrease in their academic achievement. Roughly, three of four children show a deterioration from their previous school performance. Most children who witness the divorce at younger ages are more

Immorality and Inhumanity in the Pictures from Abu Ghraib Free Essays

One of the most serious blows to American society and reputation was the highly publicized scandal of maltreatment and abuse of prisoners in Iraq. These incidents, which were uncovered in 2004, happened in the Abu Ghraib prison complex and perpetrated by American personnel under the 372nd Military Police Company. The abuses came to public notice from the media, which was able to acquire extremely graphic images of the tortures taken by the soldiers involved in the incidents themselves. We will write a custom essay sample on Immorality and Inhumanity in the Pictures from Abu Ghraib or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Hersh, 2004) Following the incident, the United States Military charged those responsible for the crimes and demoted the officer in-charge of the U.S. prison system in Iraq. Until now, however, the American public and the world are still reeling from disappointment over the irrationality and immorality of such systematic acts of violence against the Iraqui prisoners which included various forms of physical, psychological, and sexual abuses. More disconcerting than the acts of the abuses, however, is the fact that the soldiers even took photographs of their crimes. The photographs show the prisoners in shameful conditions, either naked or forced to assume positions suggesting sexual acts with fellow prisoners. Undoubtedly, the photographs show not only violations of basic human rights according to the International Humanitarian Law but also disrespect to the Muslim culture and Islamic beliefs by the American soldiers involved. Among the most disturbing aspects of the photographs taken in the Abu Ghraib prison is the presence of a woman, Private Lynndie England, posing with her thumbs up while the prisoners are being subjected to inhuman treatment. In one photo she is shown posing with a fellow soldier while naked prisoners are made to form a human pyramid at the foreground. In another, she poses with the ubiquitous thumbs up sign while at the same time pointing to the genitals of hooded male prisoners lined up. Indeed, the gloating and happy image of Private England is a stark contrast to the cruelty and torment seen from the prisoners who are reduced to the state of animals. Thus, the pictures should provoke not only outrage from the public but should also lead to a reexamination of the kind of morality and basic sense of decency of military personnel such as England who could derive enjoyment from the clear suffering of her fellow human beings. It is an unfortunate incident that a woman, whom the public expects to be more sensitive to the feelings and emotions of her fellow human being, would be part of the ritual of dehumanization of the prisoners from the physical, emotional, and the psychological aspects of the torture. It is a disappointing fact that Private England, despite her gender, was able to tolerate highly sexualized abuses that were usually committed by men to show their dominance upon women: rape, brutality, and sodomy. Aside from being devoid of any sense of morality, the pictures violate public sensitivity and ethics. The purpose of the pictures and the intent of the people who took them therefore become questionable. These images where clearly not meant for an audience, but then, why take them in the first place? Did Private England and her cohorts need a remembrance of how they were once part of the violation and abuse of the Iraqui prisoners? Upon analysis, the pictures are not only proof of the lack of ethics and sensitivity of the soldiers but also signify a deeper perversion. The abuse of the prisoners, supposedly meant to prime them for interrogation by intelligence personnel, show the ugly characteristic of power play wherein the abusers took freedom upon their prisoners because of their perceived dominant position. Their main intent is to degrade the prisoners, to strip away their dignity as human beings, and to show them that they are powerless beneath the abusers’ hands. The pictures, then, are part of the ritual of abuse. By exposing the private parts of the prisoner and capturing the moment forever on film or on video, the perpetrators are breaking the person’s will, reducing him or her into an object. Unfortunately, the acts of the American soldiers reflect the corruption of the entire U.S. military. Hersh (2004) observes that the Abu Ghraib incidents occurred not only because of poor leadership from the direct commanding officer but because of the lack of accountability in the military’s chain of command. Moreover, the incidents are an indication not only of the failure of the United States Army but also of American ideals and society to instill respect for human rights and human dignity among its members. It is a great shame and a devastating blow for the world’s superpower and the supposed protector of Democracy, to be associated with blatant acts of human rights violations. It is in this aspect that the world will continue to be haunted by the images of prisoners from Abu Ghraib. For the people will always remember how Private England smiled and gave a thumbs up sign for the camera while other human beings were being treated as animals in the foreground. Indeed, the torture and abuse of Iraqui prisoners are symptoms of the breakdown of humanity; the images of the grinning the soldiers will therefore serve as a haunting reminder of the capacity of humans for boundless inhumanity. Works Cited: Hersh, Simon R. Torture at Abu Ghraib. 10 May 2004. The New Yorker. 31 March 2008. http:// www.newyorker.com/archive/2004/05/10/040510fa_fact How to cite Immorality and Inhumanity in the Pictures from Abu Ghraib, Papers

Bright and Dark Side of the Romance of Leadership

Question: Critically evaluate the bright and dark side of the romance of leadership? Answer: Arnold Henry Glasgow explained that people often think that credit and earning recognition matters. But its not about the credit or the earning it is mostly about taking the blame and sharing the credit. It is a leader who leads his group or team, so he is responsible for all the actions and reactions of his team. Both the input and output of any operation is decided by a leader, one wrong decision and that leads to a low productivity. Low productivity or getting lower than the expected is considered as a failure. Its not about blaming but to rectify, to comprehend what has gone wrong with the Endeavour a leader takes the initiative to find out. On that very step the leader finds out what has been wrong, the procedure, the people or the product itself. A leader leads; he is being followed by his subordinates. Thus a leader has to be careful in every step, because he is being trusted and blindly followed by his group men. (Northouse, 2004). There starts the impending journey of leadership. This is where the Romanticism of leadership is experienced. The quality approach on leadership which attempts to comprehend when and why we become familiar with the leaders is known as Romance of leadership. It deals with appreciating the leaders for influencing and changing our societies. Leadership has both optimistic and pessimistic outcomes in an organization. If an individual is considered to be a successful leader then his or her personal difficulties and poor organizational performance may be ignored for a certain period. This defines the Romance of Leadership and criticizes the approach of bright and dark side of romance of leadership (sage publications, Inc, 2012). The Romance of Leadership was introduced as one of the overtly follower centric approach to balance many leader centric approaches that dominated leadership research and practices. The Romance of Leadership approach helps to highlight the esteem, stature, magnetism, and heroism attached to diverse forms of leadership. Leadership is a preferential illustrative class for understanding political, organizational, military, social and regional outcomes. Meindl theorist in Leadership found out that a heroic conception of what leaders and their leadership is virtually a concept that will remain beyond grasp of the best scientific outcomes, particularly since the initial purpose of scientific research is to technically resolve the mysteries (Bligh, Kohles and Pillai, 2011). Social inference is what leadership means. Construing leadership as an explanatory category, Calder and Pfeffer treated leadership as one of the ways in which people understand the causes of important organizational event s and outcomes. In this perspective, leadership events like successions appears to be largely symbolic, spreading a sense of comprehending and manage over critical problems that require explanation and demonstration and receptive action. In procedure of socially construing organizational situations, the romance of Leadership conflicts that the notion of leadership is raised unprovoked status and significance. So far, the discussion has always been about what good qualities a leader should possess and the fantasies of leadership. There also exist the dark sides of leadership. Researchers also provided their overview on Destructive leadership. (Meindl and Ehrlich, 1987). By focusing hugely on characteristics of the leader, they stated that leaders are responsible for harmful outcomes in organization. Many conducted surveys suggested that aversive leadership and destructive leadership more broadly is a complex process resulting from the confluence of leaders, followers, and the environ ment of the organization. Destructive leadership includes a wide array of labels describing various forms of harmful leader behavior. Tepper defined abusive supervision as the degree to which superintendents engage in the continual display of hostile oral and non verbal reactions, not including physical contact. To this context another concept coined as leader bullying was explained by Buckley and Harvey as deliberately chosen diplomacy of influencing by leaders intended to portray a specific image and place goals in a compliant, ineffective position goals. (Thoroughgood, Hunter and Sawyer, 2010) With the recognition of dark side of leadership as a significant branch of research, many researchers have sought to discuss caustic brands of leadership in terms of negative life ideas and dispositional traits such as narcissism. Narcissism is a psychological perception of being in the pursuit of gratification of vanity or egoistic. This is in general considered as a negative trait, but now a days modern concept says narcissism may be considered as a positive trait to a certain level. Professor Dr. Emily Grijalva (from University of Illinois psychology) found that narcissists have a gaudy sense of their own self-importance and an embellished need for others respect. She also explained that generally narcissist can be anxious with belief and fantasies of their massive power, attractiveness, intelligence and success. Through her research she found that although narcissist are more expected to appear as group leaders but after a certain point it is possible to undermine a persons effic iency being a leader. (PhD, 2015) In a research presented by Professor Mark Stein, it has been found that a self centered leader can actually possess two kinds of narcissist behavior those whose poise results to benefit the organization, and those whose egotism is actually disparaging. The research states that those with firm tendencies of narcissism are often drawn to leadership profile, out of a need for positions and power. Interestingly this trait can be both favorable and destructive for an organization (ScienceDaily, 2015). Although psychologists have immense awareness about leadership, people who make resolutions about genuine leaders seems largely to disregard their accumulated perception. Leadership is persuasion and not dominance; people who can entail others to do obeying because of their powers, are not leaders. Leadership is not a mandate acquisition of the authority; it approaches when others keenly adopt, for a certain period of time, the goals of a group as their own. So leadership is all about problem solving, organizing, clarifying, informing, monitoring, networking, team building and rewarding that is expected from the first line of leaders. (Hogan, Curphy and Hogan, 1994). References Bligh, M., Kohles, J. and Pillai, R. (2011). Romancing leadership: Past, present, and future.The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), pp.1058-1077. Hogan, R., Curphy, G. and Hogan, J. (1994). What we know about leadership: Effectiveness and personality.American Psychologist, 49(6), pp.493-504. Meindl, J. and Ehrlich, S. (1987). THE ROMANCE OF LEADERSHIP AND THE EVALUATION OF ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE.Academy of Management Journal, 30(1), pp.91-109. Northouse, P. (2004).Leadership. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage. PhD, R. (2015).Is Narcissism an Essential Leadership Trait?. [online] Psych Central.com. Available at: https://psychcentral.com/news/2014/01/16/is-narcissism-an-essential-leadership-trait/64585.html [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. sage publications, Inc, (2012).Sage reference. [online] https://www.sagepub.com/. Available at: https://www.sagepub.com/northouse6e/study/materials/reference/reference9.2.pdf [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. ScienceDaily, (2015).When good leaders turn bad: the dual face of narcissistic leadership. [online] Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/05/140528103314.htm [Accessed 10 Feb. 2015]. Thoroughgood, C., Hunter, S. and Sawyer, K. (2010). Bad Apples, Bad Barrels, and Broken Followers? An Empirical Examination of Contextual Influences on Follower Perceptions and Reactions to Aversive Leadership.Journal of Business Ethics, 100(4), pp.647-672.

Skill development for young workers in Australia

Skill Development is an employment program that provides monetary support to qualified people, to help them acquire the skills training they require to go into the labor market. The program also offers financial support to suitable people who require skills development to get employment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Skill development for young workers in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are many problems and challenges that arise from this issue. For instance the working conditions of young workers pose a serious problem. Lack of training, harassment and lack of relaxing hours are problems being faced by numerous young workers all over the world. In Australia, the Australian Labor Party and the Australian council of Trade Unions say that the young workers get a â€Å"raw contract.† The skill development for young workers in Australia is an issue that has caught the attention of many peop le. Shadow Minister for Employment and Training, Anthony Albanese, claims that young workers are exploited and used as cheap labor. He continues to say that the Federal Government has failed to act against employers who swindle young workers. The skills development for Australian industry and young workers is one of the most serious issues facing the nation today (Ross 2002, p. 68). The Australian Council of Trade Unions compliance to the existing Senate Inquiry into present and future skills needs highlights the fundamental role that skill development plays to the community and the economy. There are problems with the outcomes and the quality of training delivery. Training delivery is not at all times integrated with the industry needs, the skills development and the employment outcomes. Numerous young workers are disenfranchised from training and education and as a result they are experiencing marginalization in the labor-market. The needs of young workers for skills development a nd training are also not being addressed efficiently. In the year 2001, only 80% of young workers in Australia attained a Year 12 or VET qualification. The relatively low level of skill development limits the chances of many young workers in Australia for economic independence and robs industry of inestimable abilities. Australia needs to increase its skill development effort for the existing young workers. Numerous industries have low levels of skills development expenditure.The Australian Council of Trade Unions recommends that at least $350 million should to be allocated to a new workplace-based skill development fund that is more suitable for training existing young workers (Stinson 2005, p. 127).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This financial support is supposed to be applied in contracted target areas, including skill scarcities, upcoming and growth areas and organizat ions with low-rates of structured training. Often, young people report problems at their place of work including, lack of information regarding terms and conditions of employment, bullying, maltreatment and sexual harassment. Skill development for young workers in Australia is crucial because young workers should acquire new skills due to the changing workplace and also to meet the requirements for the new and growing industries (Stinson 2005, p. 57). Employers ought to be committed to establish skill development in their workforce and contribute substantially to the expenditure of structured workforce training. Skill development is valuable for young workers: they acquire the needed confidence to carry out their duties. The government has come up with strategies in addressing this issue. For example, the New Apprenticeship project is offering opportunities for young workers to obtain skills training and development because the workplace is changing and the industries are growing. T he government has also come up with laws that young workers in Australia against bullying, sexual harassment and maltreatment. The employers are required to contribute significantly to the skill development costs and establish effective skill development projects (Stinson 2005, p. 97). Young workers are experiencing marginalization in the labor-market due to lack of inadequate skills training and development. The government is establishing structured training which ought to be undertaken in line with a contracted workplace training plan. The ACTU proposes to implement a program with training representatives to encourage union members to undertake learning and training and to help young workers with learning difficulties by endorsing fundamental skills programs in the work-place. The government is also raising awareness among young workers about the benefits of structured industry training and skill development (Stinson 2005, p. 67). This is being done through promoting negation betw een young workers and employers for the execution of workplace skill development plans, including mechanisms that enable appropriate account of the recognition of existing competencies.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Skill development for young workers in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The government has also established an association between employees and bodies like industry advisory bodies and registered training agencies to support structured training and skill development at the workplace and enable young workers to participate effectually within workplace appraisals and skills, to develop and negotiate skills development plans and undertake workplace evaluation. In 2011, the government of Australia came up with strategies to assist existing young workers to acquire skill development and career opportunities through acknowledgment of their existing skills and advancing their skills base (Stins on 2005, p. 45). They also ensured accessibility of quality nationally recognized skills training and qualifications for all young workers. The government has established many employment agencies to address the issue of skill development for young workers in Australia because the future of rising industries depends on it. It has ensured increased support for young workers with disabilities in traineeships and apprenticeships. It has also increased the participation of Indigenous young people in the labor-market. The greatest objective of the government is to fund the skill development programs in the country so that young workers can obtain skills training. Without adequate financial support, it is difficult to execute the structured skill training plans (Richardson 2000, p. 231). Even though the government has initiated different strategies to improve the issue concerning skill development, there are areas that require substantial attention. For example, there are problems when it comes to the quality of skills training delivery and end results. Training delivery is not responsive to industry needs, work outcomes and skills development. As a result, the industries in Australia are continuing to experience skills shortages and retention difficulties. Quality training focusing on skills development ought to commence. Training should focus on developing the skills of young workers. The government of Australia needs to increase its training effort in skill development for the current workforce. Numerous industries in the country have low levels of training expenses (Price 2011, p. 356). Only two in ten employers are presently training to address skills shortages. Skills development for young people is very imperative because it is the future for the industries and the economy of Australia. Young people should be conversant with what is going on in the existing industries because the workplace is changing. Skill development for young workers is a critical issue fa cing Australia. Many young people need to be trained so that they can take part in developing the industries and the economy of their country.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Young workers are facing discrimination and bullying in the place of work and many employers have turned into swindlers. Many young workers are not economically independent because they do not have the required training. This is as a result depriving industries of valuable skills. There ought to be vocational training and effective work-based learning. Increase in skills training effort is also needed for the existing young laborforce. Priority ought to be given to mutual planning covering industry sectors in areas of young workers hire, contracts and regular employment (Hunt 2005, p. 97). The government of Australia is dedicated to ensuring that young workers are taking part in making decisions that have an effect on their lives. The youth action plan outlines the significance of ensuring the contribution of young workers in decision making and delivering quality services (Jimenez 2006, p. 123). Skill development agencies ought to come up with ways that attracts and retains young w orkers to facilitate laborforce sustainability and ensure that the services of the government are receptive to the needs of young workers. The government has recognized young workers’ rights to contribute in the growth of skill development programs, policies and services. The government is building on young workers’ knowledge and skills, recognizing their diversity, their backgrounds and their situations. The government plan is to ensure that young workers’ skills are well-developed and they are effectually utilized in the workforce (Ross 2002, p. 45). The office of youth in Australia has worked with young workers to develop an account that focuses on training, skill development and mobility. The government agencies target on improving the situation of young workers in Australia and promoting the employment benefits in the public sector. The agencies are also identifying young workers in Australia; they give them an opportunity to develop their skills. Reference s Jimenez, E 2006, Australia reconstructed: ACTU/TDC Mission to Western Europe, Australian Govt. Pub. Service, Hobart. Hunt, I 2005, The New Industrial Relations in Australia, Federation Press, Melbourne. Price, R 2011, Young People and Work, Ashgate Publishing, Canberra. Ross, L 2002, Works Councils in Australia: Future Prospects and Possibilities, Federation Press, New Castle. Richardson, S 2000, Reshaping the Labour Market: Regulation, Efficiency and Equality in Australia, Cambridge University Press, New Castle. Stinson, R 2005, Job Prospects Australia, Yorkcross Pty Ltd, Darwin. This essay on Skill development for young workers in Australia was written and submitted by user Konnor Mclaughlin to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Causes of Visual Impairment in Essays

Causes of Visual Impairment in Essays Causes of Visual Impairment in Essay Causes of Visual Impairment in Essay Increasingly, cataract has been identified as the leading cause of blindness globally. No data on the causes of visual impairment in Central Region is available. Objectives The objective of the study is to examine the causes of visual impairment in Central Region of Ghana and to provide baseline information for planning eye care services in the region. Methods A retrospective study using hospital records of patients visiting three eye clinics between June 2005 and June 2006 were reviewed for the study. Results The records of 1,016 patients were reviewed. The study shows that cataract was the leading cause of blindness in Central Region accounting for 42. 5%. This was followed by refractive error (29. 2%) and glaucoma (7. 2%). Conclusion Appropriate programs directed at providing cataract surgery and refractive error services will significantly reduce the burden of visual impairment in Central Region since both cataract and refractive errors are responsible for 71. 7% of the causes of visual impairment. INTRODUCTION Globally, visual impairment represents a significant public health problem. This is both from the point of view of the suffering it imposes on the individual, family as well as the government in terms of economic cost. Smith and Smith have estimated that the annual worldwide productivity cost of blindness was $168 billion1. Recently, it has been estimated that over $102 billion would be saved globally if the Vision 2020 initiative is successfully implemented2. Current data suggests that there are over 161 million people who are visually impaired.

Cadbury Schweppes Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Cadbury Schweppes Management - Case Study Example In these days, cocoa beans were being imported from south and Central America and West Indies. In fact the cocoa beans had so much value and were expensive. It could only be afforded with the wealthy and elite people of the society then. Experimenting with his pestle and mortar, John Cadbury produced a range of cocoa and chocolate drinks with the latter having sugar (Cadbury, 2008). In 1861, John Cadbury the founder handed over the business to his eldest sons Richard and George. It is to their leadership that the success of the Cadbury Brothers limited is owed. In 1899 the business became a private limited company and was branded Cadbury brothers Limited. The growth of the business led to invention of the chocolate bars which were now spiced up with milk The first milk chocolate that was ever made was course, dry and neither sweet nor milky enough for the public taste. At the same time, there was great competition from other continental manufactures of chocolate which led to the need of the Cadbury Company to launch other tastes and variety of chocolates one of them being dairy maid which later became dairy milk and finally evolved to be branded Cadbury dairy milk, which has a unique flavor and smooth. Cadbury Brothers limited later merged with Schweppes Inc in 1969 to form Cadbury Schweppes plc which is a confectionery and Beverage Company that processes non alcoholic beverage. It has an employee base of approximately 59000. Cadbury Schweppes Plc currently has its headquarters in Berkeley Square, London which is in England in United Kingdom. Cadbury Schweppes plc is principally involved in the manufacture, distribution and sale of branded beverages and confectionery, in addition to other related foods. It supplies its products through wholesale and retail outlets of the confectionery which are licensed and registered by the state in which they are located. Cadbury Schweppes plc trades in almost all the countries that are available worldwide because contemporary knowledge, it is one of the leading chocolate producers world wide. Cadbury Schweppes plc markets a range of chocolates, gum and sugar confectionery brands worldwide. These brands are in the form of bars, blocks, bagged pr oducts, packets, rolls, boxed assortments, chocolate eggs and novelties (Cadbury, 2008). There are various myths which have been propagated about management which are supposed to help organizations increase their earnings. Myths in the business arena usually come up as managers try to find ways to survive in the business world which is usually full of challenges and uncertainty. They provide some kind of hope as they provide something that managers can hold onto as they run their businesses. These myths usually influence the way companies make decisions and the way management run firms as much as the strategies have not been proved to be true. These myths help managers come up with a set of policies or strategies that they employ in order to help their organizations achieve certain objectives. Some of these myths according to Foss (2006) include the fact that it is harder to acquire a competitive edge if a company uses outside resources or resources it has purchased instead of using internally produced resources. The root cause of this misunderstanding cropped up from Co ol and Barney argument that only resources that cannot be sold by the company are considered to be valuable. Cadburys has not